Key Analysis for Studying Male Infertility: Tests and Diagnostics

When a couple finds it difficult to conceive, both partners should be tested for infertility. In many cases, there may be more than one cause of infertility. Semen analysis is an important part of diagnosing male infertility.

What is Semen Analysis?

Semen analysis involves taking a semen sample and testing it in a lab for sperm concentration, sperm quality and infections. A semen analysis for studying infertility may need to be repeated several times over a period of time to get an accurate result. This is because the volume and quality of sperm being produced may vary from one day to the next.
The sample needed for this test may be collected in a doctor's office with the help of electrical stimulation or by masturbating into a special container. In certain cases, a sample may be obtained by having sexual intercourse with a special condom. In such cases, the sample must be sent to the doctor within 60 minutes of ejaculation and be kept at body temperature.

Understanding the Results of a Semen Analysis

There are many aspects to the results of a semen analysis including:

The Shape of the Sperm

Ideally, at least 4% of the sperm in the sample should be normally shaped. This means that it must have an oval head, midsection that is thinner than the head and a long tail that is thinner than the midsection.

Movement

At least 40% of the sperm in the sample should be able to move properly for an hour after ejaculation. This movement is usually rated on a scale of 0 to 4 where a score of 0 means that the sperm is not moving. If the sperm cannot move, it will not be able to swim through the cervical mucus and reach the egg.

pH Levels

This should be between 7.2 and 7.8 to be considered normal. Higher than normal results usually indicates an infection. Lower than normal results could be a sign of blocked ejaculation ducts.

Liquefaction

When ejaculated, semen is usually thick but within 15-30 minutes, it should turn into a watery consistency. This helps the sperm move.

Sperm Count

A man should ideally have at least 15 million sperm per millilitre of semen. Less than this is considered a sign of low sperm density and could affect fertility.

Appearance

Semen should be whitish grey in colour. A reddish brown tint could indicate the presence of blood. Similarly, a yellowish tint could be a sign of jaundice or be the side effect of certain medications.